Loaded signaling conductor



Parenteel Jan. s, 1925.v

. GUSTAFWf" RIEN, 0F LEONA NEW 1 esisfieieil ELEQTMC CoMrnNYyINooa-Ponj'rnnor NEwxomg-N; Y.,aeoInscgr-mrima,oriiwnfwy Ygnx- .iiADED-SILSING iQNUCTQl' l i l, Application, 1526.1: Serial No.j"'433',46'6.

Conductors, of which thel Ifolio,Wing, is ai full, clear, concise, and exact'descr'iption. "z'

sence in -Submaritfweblesignaling.;'f

either method of loading the;` object istl'ife'l saline, namely,y to' introduce :an l aniountv of inducwtance per unit'length,Whiclif'wvill satis',- fy the condition `of approximately 'disto-rl tionlessl transmission 0i. 'ngtalternatine fOr pulsating electric'mcurrent.,jf.'

the` case of...continuouslyjloaded` conductors,

Sirable teg have; .in the magneet material v used for loading Iare the fsarnje'.w r"lfhlejse chalapplied Ain such a way as to;

acteri"stcsjv are high specie f; resistance to Y, keep down the eddy currentslin'tllloading material. extremely "10W )hysteresis 19%,. ma

The use of tape or w1re,lieretofoi"e 'used-r for continuous loading, is not lWithout', its,

disadvalzntages.` It has been found in -this connection that if the loading material be g grip the conductor too tightly, the `resu ting strain greatly reduces 'the permeability,01E` thef loading material'. If, on the other hand,

the loading material, be applied A`so loosely i as to leaWe-evenv small interstiejesibetween the successive windings, pressure, especiall in thecase' of submarine cables,tends.to ycnfce'l the` insulatin covering between the conducting core an the loading material, thus impairing'the efficiency of the cable.

vIn any case, ithasproven 'Unpossible to'. prevent the introduction of air gaps rbetween -the suecessivewndings, vand hence,

n.that`.I,"`GsTAWlQEIniinNy"resultedf f t a citizen .ofl the UnitedStates," residing iat Leonia, in,y the ,county ofl Bergen, State off; -New Jersey, have kinvented certain 'riewfpaiidp useful Improvements: i'n .Loaded Signaling" l the invention. -f f tureof .ironand' nickel lis ldeposited out,

Aeach Ajmetal' "retaining itsp,individlialityav f ',Moreover, the additionof a small ,amount` i, of nickel to iron, 'even ifl an alloy, werevllo0V t producedis`lessdesirableas a-loading inaa reduction in-.the effective f ir i It is one object o Y this inventiony-vide"a'--Ii'eth`0d of producing azcontinuouslyj y loaded, signaling'ondiictor inf .which the110 Q metal corey adaptedjltocnductlthe signaling currents-fais"surrounded'by la sheathing'.otra\` f if offthistype in ewhichf th'eloading?.material= l 'cannot be 'separated 'liofnn.,'the` conductor .bylA .i 1 forces tof. which it may :be vsubjected @inaus'ek u "Another object of' the" invention: isa y to.y provide aI continuously 'ffloadecly .signaling is' 'constanti'` s. Y

In thefllowing dSb'Ipti'on reference isf! made` Ito" Fig! ll which shows diagrammatif. callyy v"one means of, i'aeticingfthe invention;

and Fig. yE?, which vshows a `'section fofafcable comprising' conductors"loaded,accordingfto,

Inais been foundithaefhf--iiigh-ipsia t. 80 large percentage(I of'nickel is :presents lrreny; i ders,A them lparticiilaly suitable; as'fa-y loading 1 AI'nadzerialfor signallng co'nductors. Inzan .v

ability fof ironmieker a110ys:.ia;fwhich copending application` of.' Gustafl i C men, SerialNo.' 473,877, there' isifnlly-` k'de-:e

signa ing `Iconductf'irs `by electroplatingv the. alloy upontheiconductor. It is nwknown,

teral` for telegraph and telephone'wires,

Ythan pure iron. Bfnt'whenv'the, eontentgoff l I nickel is sufficiently increased,the lalloy-,has .1 0

such :high permeability for' low magneti@- ing forces of the order.used-in` signaling,-

`Such lQW hysteresis loss andyhigh resiglvity y g, s

that Memes Pefulerlt 'Well ttedi to. thi-s2;

pur ose.

s invention is based fon the discovj..

vol l conductor fof' whichfthe,overallfdianietel5 85 scribed 'fthe advanta'gesjnj'of 'these alloysas u loadingmaterial Aand the method-o fapplyand. nickel yiivhichwill'have the properties desired for loadingr a telegraph or telephone conductor.

In .accordance with the preferred'niethod of carrying out the invention aaatingof iron'a'nd vnickel is electrolytically deposited uponthc :copper conductfn. thedepositconftainingatlcast ofnickelyand the deposit ofL iron and nickel is subsequently.

heated to a degree Vbeltmv thenielting gpoint of the copper-conductonfly thisv treat.Llk

inentaf sheathing ofr high vpern'leability is obtained. Itinay 4be desirable to pass the. loaded conductor through 'a.d1e\1n order to-produce a; smooth surface. in the event that. the alloying process has left a rough exterior. Any Well known suitableniethod' of obtaining al depositielectrolytically and any suitable type-of furnace for heating theV .conductor inlay; bejutilized, One suitable fornrof 'apparatus is disclosed in Fig. 1 which` illustrates a conductor 3 being passed.

slowly through an electrolytic bathe; of which it- .forms the cathode. `The conductor is connectedto a source v`ofcurrent 5 by' nieans of a'rollei con-tact The anode 7; which 1s alsdconnected. to source of cur.-

V.rent r5,` is composed ofLnickel and ,iron in and iron.

l the. proportions desired. The conductors are'. then, p'assed throughl a furnace 8 or are otherwise .heated to alloy the .nickel Coilsr of lWire may, of course, bev used as a cathode and thereafter re.-y moved froni :the bath and ,heated in. the furnace. Fig. 2 is self-explanatoryj It shows 'a cable made up of al plurality of copper Wires loaded in accordance With the invention. `In the case of long submarinecables a single conductor Wouldy ordinarily-be employed. v. A

loaded vsignaling conductor produced in 4accordance. ywith the method 'herein described has al uniform' diameter throughvout its length, the distance, from the cenft'er of vthe core. to the circumference of the `loading sheath being everywl'iere equal. yAn important advantage of this forni of loadi'ngis that" the permeability of the layer of loading inaterialdoes not change if the yloa'ded'conductor'is subjected to great pressure, as is the case; with submarine cables laid in considerable depths of WateizfMoreover. there.:l is no` tendencyv of thev layer of loading i'n'aterial to become separated from the conductor so as'to yperinit 'insulating materialv Vto be forced into *the intervening spaces andtlius destroy the syn'nn'etryof the cable structure,

, vliet vis claimed isnzv.

ll'The nie'thod vof producing*v 'a continuously loaded signaling 'conductor Which comprises `plating 'a v,coating 'ofiron vand nickel upon vthe f surface ofthe conductor,

the nickel coniprieing notf'lessthan v20% ofthe deposit; .and subsequently heating the deposit'. to fa yten'iperaturef`Well below the melting' point of eitherl nickell or iron and in the region -ofthe melting point ofl copper tfoobtain' anirv alloy of the.,l iron and nickel hating' "highj permeabilitygf for inagnetizing force'softheforder used in signal- 2. The ine'thod of lcontinuously loading' a. copper signaling'` Aconductor which coinprises electroplating a coating 'of iron and nickel upon the "surfaceof vthe copper, the nickelconstituting at least 20%" ofthe deposit,` and subsequently vheating the deposit tok a temperature-below the fusing" point of copper' t'jfalloy the-iron l.and nickel. f

3. kA continuously* loadedisignaling conductorfconprising Wire of inate'rial of high conductivity having electroplated thereon a uniting ,of alloy comprising' nickel and iron, thenickel 'forn'iing atv least 20% of the'alloy. y' l y Inwitness whereof, I' hereuntosubscribe my knaine this 22nd day ofDe'cer'nber A. D., 1920. i 

